Approved by the Executive Yuan, Kaohsiung Second Prison was founded on January 1, 2002, located at the original place of Kaohsiung Detention House of Taiwan. It shares the administrative premises and resources with Kaohsiung Detention House of Taiwan and Kaohsiung Juvenile Detention and Classification House of Taiwan. The prison occupies an area of 7.78 hectares. The prison holds criminals serving terms of less than five years; Kaohsiung Detention House of Taiwan holds criminal defendants in trials

The prison has an attached division – Detention Center of Hooligans, which takes charge of affairs with relation to detaining hooligans. The prison has an attached division – Custody Center of Civil Offenders, holding defendants accused of torts and taken into custody.

For Agency of Corrections,Ministry of Justice was established in January 1, 2011,The prison was renamed Kaohsiung Second Prison, Agency of Corrections,Ministry of Justice.

The prison (including the detention house) was authorized by the Ministry of Justice as appropriate to hold 1722 prisoners.